The most common complication is capsular contractureDefinitionTightening of the scar capsule the body forms around every implant. Graded I to IV on the Baker scale; grades III and IV usually need surgery.. Every implant is surrounded by a thin capsule of scar tissue as the body heals. In some people it tightens over time, and the breast can feel firm or look distorted. It is a leading reason for a second operation.
Implants can ruptureDefinitionA tear or hole in the implant shell. Silicone gel may stay inside the scar capsule or move beyond it.. A saline implant deflates noticeably and the body absorbs the fluid. A silicone rupture is often silent, which is why the FDA recommends an ultrasound or MRI five to six years after surgery, then every two to three years.
Plan for future surgeryDefinitionAny later operation to replace, revise, or remove an implant, whether for a complication or by choice.. Implants are not lifetime devices, and the longer you have them, the more likely another operation becomes. Since 2021, the FDA has required that anyone considering implants receive a patient decision checklist to read and discuss with their surgeon before surgery.
BIA-ALCLDefinitionBreast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a non-Hodgkin lymphoma found in the fluid or scar tissue around an implant. is a rare cancer of the immune system, not of the breast tissue itself. It has been linked mainly to textured implants and usually appears as persistent swelling years after surgery. Caught early, it is typically treated by removing the implant and the surrounding capsule.
Sources: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; American Society of Plastic Surgeons.